Michael is a biologist with subsequent degrees in Technology and Innovation Management (M. Sc. with Distinction), and Science and Technology Policy (D.Phil). He has more than 15 years experience researching the sociotechnical challenges associated with medical innovation. In recent years Michael has led a series of international research projects studying different aspects of the innovation ecosystems that support medical innovation (particularly in pharmaceuticals and diagnostics, although not exclusively). He has been supported by grants from the European Commission, NSF, the UK's MRC, EPSRC, ESRC, Nesta and the Wellcome Trust. Additionally in recent years Michael has consulted for the Human Genetics Commission, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, the Strategic Advisory Board for Intellectual Property, HEFCE, and Cancer Research UK. Michael has also provided training for staff in the bio/pharmaceuticals sector on bioentrepreneurship.