Key points from article :
Researchers have developed a promising new method for treating arthritis using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver mRNA therapy directly into cartilage. Published in the Journal of Nanobiotechnology, the study focuses on FGF18, a protein linked to healthy cartilage and joint maintenance. Since FGF18 promotes autophagy—the cellular process that clears out damaged components—its decline with age and inflammation has been associated with osteoarthritis. However, direct protein or mRNA-based therapies degrade quickly in the body, making effective delivery a challenge.
To overcome this, scientists encapsulated FGF18 mRNA within LNPs, allowing the treatment to penetrate deeply into cartilage and remain active for around six days. Experiments in mice showed that LNPs delivered FGF18 effectively without toxicity, staying within the knee joint and avoiding unwanted migration to other organs. The treatment significantly reduced markers of cellular ageing, boosted cartilage-producing proteins, and restored key cellular functions linked to autophagy.
Compared to direct FGF18 protein injections, the LNP-mRNA approach led to thicker cartilage in both arthritis-induced and naturally aged mice, bringing their cartilage levels closer to those of young, healthy mice. The treatment also improved gait and reduced pain sensitivity. While these findings are promising, human trials will be necessary to confirm its safety and effectiveness in clinical settings.
