Statistics Canada produces statistical data and insights to help Canadians better understand their country's population, resources, economy, society and culture. It provides a solid foundation for informed decisions by elected representatives, businesses, unions and non-profit organizations, as well as individual Canadians. In addition to conducting a Census every five years, there are about 350 active surveys on virtually all aspects of Canadian life.

As Canada's central statistical office, Statistics Canada is legislated by the Statistics Act to serve this function for the whole of Canada and each of the provinces and territories.