Key points from article :
A recent study leveraging data from the 100,000 Genomes Project, conducted by Genomics England in partnership with the NHS, has revealed that genetic testing could significantly reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for over 14,000 cancer patients. ADRs vary among individuals; while some respond well to medications, others may experience severe or even life-threatening side effects. Genetic factors play a critical role in these differing responses, as nearly 99% of individuals carry genetic variations that affect how their bodies metabolize drugs.
The study, led by Leong and colleagues, analysed whole genome sequencing data from more than 76,000 participants to identify genetic changes in four specific genes linked to ADRs associated with common cancer treatments. The findings indicated that approximately 62.7% of patients possessed genetic changes that heightened their risk of experiencing adverse reactions when treated with one of the five cancer drugs investigated. The researchers estimated that between 6% to 10% of patients prescribed these medications could benefit from adjustments in dosage or alternative treatments.
The implications of this research are significant for the future of pharmacogenomics in cancer care. The study underscores the potential benefits of incorporating genetic testing into clinical practice, particularly for identifying patients who might be at risk of ADRs. Currently, testing for the DPYD gene, which predicts responses to certain chemotherapy agents, is already available through the NHS Genomic Medicine Service. This research highlights the necessity for broader implementation of pharmacogenomic testing to enhance patient safety and optimize treatment efficacy in cancer care.
