Robin Franklin, FRS is a British cell biologist and neuroscientist. He is currently a Principal Investigator at Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science having previously been Professor of Stem Cell Medicine at the Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute at the University of Cambridge. He is Emeritus Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

He obtained his undergraduate degrees in Physiology and Veterinary Medicine and his PhD in Neuroscience. He has worked predominantly on the biology of myelin regeneration (remyelination) and investigating strategies by which this important regenerative process may be enhanced therapeutically. He is at the forefront of studying the cellular mechanisms of remyelination, providing insights into how adult stem cells are recruited to areas of demyelination and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that regulate their differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes and other glial cell types. He is also Director of the UK MS Society Cambridge Centre for Myelin Repair, a consortium of Cambridge-based scientists and clinicians working towards stem-cell-based therapies for myelin regeneration. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.