The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a prestigious journal by the Royal Society, established in 1660 and regarded as the world’s longest-running scientific journal. Initially overseen by Henry Oldenburg, the journal published significant works by luminaries like Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Michael Faraday. It split in 1887 to focus separately on biological (B) and physical (A) sciences. Philosophical Transactions B features invited papers on current biological topics, with content spanning organismal biology, neuroscience, and health sciences. The journal prioritises inclusivity, peer review, and cross-disciplinary insights to drive impactful life science research and dialogue.